A seta diagonal que divide a bomba ao meio indica que o deslocamento \u00e9 ajust\u00e1vel de acordo com as necessidades do sistema.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Compensador de press\u00e3o<\/h4>\n Localizado no lado esquerdo. Inclui um ret\u00e2ngulo com mola, uma seta de variabilidade e um controle triangular.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Funcionamento do compensador de press\u00e3o<\/h3>\n A linha tracejada laranja\/vermelha, que parte da sa\u00edda da bomba, fornece energia de pilotagem. O ajuste da mola contrabalan\u00e7a a press\u00e3o de pilotagem para ajustar o caudal de forma cont\u00ednua. Quando a press\u00e3o a jusante se iguala ao ajuste do compensador, o caudal corresponde exatamente \u00e0 demanda.<\/p>\n
S\u00edmbolo da bomba com sensor de carga<\/h2>\n O s\u00edmbolo da bomba sens\u00edvel \u00e0 carga cont\u00e9m v\u00e1rios componentes identificados de (a) a (j). Trata-se do s\u00edmbolo de bomba mais detalhado encontrado em esquemas hidr\u00e1ulicos.<\/p>\n
\n
\n
Componente (a) \u2013 Corpo da bomba<\/h4>\n C\u00edrculo da bomba principal com seta diagonal vari\u00e1vel. Acoplado aos pist\u00f5es de polariza\u00e7\u00e3o e controle.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Componente (b) \u2013 Pist\u00e3o de polariza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h4>\n Sempre que poss\u00edvel, as for\u00e7as fazem com que a bomba atinja sua cilindrada total. A mola empurra o pist\u00e3o para a frente.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Componente (c) \u2013 Pist\u00e3o de controle<\/h4>\n Di\u00e2metro interno maior do que o do pist\u00e3o de a\u00e7\u00e3o diagonal. Controla o curso m\u00e1ximo por meio do ajuste do curso.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Componente (d) \u2013 Compensador de press\u00e3o<\/h4>\n V\u00e1lvula de al\u00edvio que controla o pist\u00e3o de comando. Desloca-se quando a energia do piloto \u00e9 aplicada para reduzir o deslocamento.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Componente (g) \u2013 Compensador de detec\u00e7\u00e3o de carga<\/h4>\n Recebe o sinal de comando da sa\u00edda da bomba e da linha de trabalho ap\u00f3s o orif\u00edcio de dosagem. Funciona a uma press\u00e3o inferior \u00e0 indicada em (d).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Componente (j) \u2013 Orif\u00edcio de medi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h4>\n Controle de vaz\u00e3o vari\u00e1vel na linha de press\u00e3o do sistema. Gera contrapress\u00e3o quando a vaz\u00e3o \u00e9 reduzida.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Modos de opera\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\nModo de espera<\/h3>\n Quando a bomba \u00e9 ligada com todas as v\u00e1lvulas direcionais a jusante fechadas:<\/p>\n
\nA mola interna do pist\u00e3o de inclina\u00e7\u00e3o (b) aciona a bomba em seu curso total, atingindo a cilindrada m\u00e1xima<\/li>\n A press\u00e3o aumenta nas linhas de trabalho e de teste \u00e0 medida que o fluido enche a tubula\u00e7\u00e3o<\/li>\n A press\u00e3o no compensador (d) faz com que o compensador de press\u00e3o se desloque para a direita<\/li>\n A energia piloto entra pela linha (i), enchendo o pist\u00e3o de controle (c)<\/li>\n O pist\u00e3o de controle (di\u00e2metro maior) leva a melhor sobre o pist\u00e3o de polariza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/li>\n O deslocamento da bomba \u00e9 reduzido ao m\u00ednimo \u2014 apenas o fluxo necess\u00e1rio para compensar as perdas<\/li>\n A bomba est\u00e1 em modo de espera<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\nModo Ativo<\/h3>\n Quando uma v\u00e1lvula direcional a jusante se abre:<\/p>\n
\nO percurso do fluxo gera uma queda de press\u00e3o abaixo do valor de ajuste do compensador (d)<\/li>\n O compensador de press\u00e3o (d) cede \u00e0 press\u00e3o da mola e volta \u00e0 posi\u00e7\u00e3o neutra<\/li>\n Tubos de drenagem conectados ao tanque<\/li>\n Os orif\u00edcios (e) e (f) amortecem o movimento do compensador, evitando oscila\u00e7\u00f5es<\/li>\n O fluxo da bomba se equilibra entre os pist\u00f5es de polariza\u00e7\u00e3o e de controle<\/li>\n O fluxo se ajusta \u00e0 demanda a jusante exatamente na press\u00e3o definida pelo compensador<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nFuncionamento do compensador de carga<\/h3>\n O compensador de detec\u00e7\u00e3o de carga (g) recebe sinais de pilotagem de duas fontes:<\/p>\n
\nPress\u00e3o de sa\u00edda da bomba<\/li>\n Linha de trabalho ap\u00f3s o orif\u00edcio de medi\u00e7\u00e3o (j)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIsso compara o efeito combinado da mola da v\u00e1lvula e do sinal piloto de detec\u00e7\u00e3o de carga. O ajuste de press\u00e3o em (g) \u00e9 inferior ao de (d) \u2014 o que normalmente gera uma queda de press\u00e3o de 300 psi na v\u00e1lvula (j).<\/p>\n
Exemplo:<\/strong> Se a press\u00e3o de carga for de 1.000 psi, a bomba mant\u00e9m a press\u00e3o em 1.300 psi (1.000 psi de carga + 300 psi na v\u00e1lvula reguladora).<\/p>\nCompara\u00e7\u00e3o de s\u00edmbolos de bombas<\/h2>\n \n\n\nElemento simb\u00f3lico<\/th>\n Cilindrada fixa<\/th>\n Cilindrada vari\u00e1vel<\/th>\n Compensa\u00e7\u00e3o de press\u00e3o<\/th>\n Detec\u00e7\u00e3o de carga<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n\nC\u00edrculo com tri\u00e2ngulo<\/strong><\/td>\nSim<\/td>\n Sim<\/td>\n Sim<\/td>\n Sim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nSeta vari\u00e1vel<\/strong><\/td>\nN\u00e3o<\/td>\n Sim (na diagonal)<\/td>\n Sim (na diagonal)<\/td>\n Sim (na diagonal)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nS\u00edmbolo do compensador de press\u00e3o<\/strong><\/td>\nN\u00e3o<\/td>\n N\u00e3o<\/td>\n Sim (lado esquerdo)<\/td>\n Sim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nCompensador de detec\u00e7\u00e3o de carga<\/strong><\/td>\nN\u00e3o<\/td>\n N\u00e3o<\/td>\n N\u00e3o<\/td>\n Sim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nPist\u00f5es de polariza\u00e7\u00e3o\/controle<\/strong><\/td>\nN\u00e3o<\/td>\n N\u00e3o<\/td>\n N\u00e3o<\/td>\n Sim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nLinhas piloto<\/strong><\/td>\nN\u00e3o<\/td>\n N\u00e3o<\/td>\n Sim (tracejado)<\/td>\n Sim (tracejado)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nPerguntas frequentes<\/h2>\n\n
P1: Por que as bombas de engrenagem, as bombas de palhetas e as bombas de pist\u00e3o utilizam todas o mesmo s\u00edmbolo esquem\u00e1tico?<\/div>\n
De acordo com a norma ISO 1219, os s\u00edmbolos esquem\u00e1ticos representam a fun\u00e7\u00e3o, e n\u00e3o a constru\u00e7\u00e3o f\u00edsica. Todas as bombas de deslocamento fixo produzem o mesmo fluxo unidirecional, independentemente do mecanismo interno. O s\u00edmbolo mostra o que o componente faz, e n\u00e3o como ele o faz mecanicamente.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
P2: O que indica a seta vari\u00e1vel sobre o s\u00edmbolo da bomba?<\/div>\n
A seta vari\u00e1vel indica que a bomba possui cilindrada ajust\u00e1vel. Quando combinada com outros s\u00edmbolos (compensador de press\u00e3o, compensador de detec\u00e7\u00e3o de carga), ela mostra como a cilindrada se altera automaticamente de acordo com as demandas do sistema.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
P3: Como uma bomba com compensa\u00e7\u00e3o de press\u00e3o mant\u00e9m a press\u00e3o constante?<\/div>\n
O ajuste da mola do compensador de press\u00e3o contrabalan\u00e7a a press\u00e3o piloto do sistema. Quando a press\u00e3o a jusante atinge o valor de ajuste do compensador, este se aciona para reduzir o deslocamento da bomba. Isso mant\u00e9m a press\u00e3o do sistema no valor definido, ao mesmo tempo em que reduz o fluxo para atender apenas \u00e0s necessidades decorrentes de vazamentos.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
P4: Qual \u00e9 a finalidade do compensador de detec\u00e7\u00e3o de carga?<\/div>\n
O compensador de carga otimiza o d\u00e9bito da bomba para v\u00e1rios atuadores. Ele mede a queda de press\u00e3o em um orif\u00edcio de dosagem e ajusta o fluxo da bomba para fornecer exatamente a press\u00e3o necess\u00e1ria (press\u00e3o de trabalho mais um pequeno diferencial para o fluxo). Isso evita o excesso de fluxo e reduz o consumo de energia.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
P5: Por que a bomba sens\u00edvel \u00e0 carga possui dois compensadores?<\/div>\n
O compensador de press\u00e3o (d) define a press\u00e3o m\u00e1xima do sistema. O compensador de detec\u00e7\u00e3o de carga (g) opera com uma configura\u00e7\u00e3o de press\u00e3o mais baixa para gerar vaz\u00e3o atrav\u00e9s da v\u00e1lvula dosadora, mantendo ao mesmo tempo a press\u00e3o do circuito de trabalho. Juntos, eles proporcionam um controle hidr\u00e1ulico eficiente da oferta e da demanda.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Conclus\u00e3o<\/h2>\n A simbologia das bombas hidr\u00e1ulicas segue as normas ISO 1219, nas quais os s\u00edmbolos representam a fun\u00e7\u00e3o, e n\u00e3o a constru\u00e7\u00e3o f\u00edsica. O s\u00edmbolo b\u00e1sico da bomba, com um tri\u00e2ngulo s\u00f3lido, indica uma bomba hidr\u00e1ulica unidirecional. As bombas de cilindrada vari\u00e1vel apresentam uma seta diagonal. A compensa\u00e7\u00e3o de press\u00e3o adiciona o s\u00edmbolo do compensador no lado esquerdo. As bombas com sensor de carga adicionam o compensador secund\u00e1rio e os componentes de dosagem.<\/p>\n
Compreender o funcionamento da bomba com sensor de carga revela a eleg\u00e2ncia do projeto hidr\u00e1ulico: o uso de colunas de press\u00e3o do fluido para criar um cen\u00e1rio eficiente de oferta e demanda. A bomba fornece exatamente o vaz\u00e3o e a press\u00e3o que cada atuador a jusante necessita, nada mais.<\/p>\n
<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Base Pump Symbol The base hydraulic pump symbol consists of: Circle: Standard component boundary Solid triangle: Indicates hydraulic (filled) versus […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4741,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4739","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\n
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