La fl\u00e8che diagonale qui traverse la pompe indique que le d\u00e9bit est r\u00e9glable en fonction des besoins du syst\u00e8me.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Compensateur de pression<\/h4>\n Situ\u00e9 \u00e0 gauche. Comprend un rectangle avec un ressort, une fl\u00e8che de r\u00e9glage et une commande de pilotage triangulaire.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Fonctionnement du compensateur de pression<\/h3>\n La conduite pilote en pointill\u00e9s orange\/rouge, partant de la sortie de la pompe, fournit l'\u00e9nergie de pilotage. Le r\u00e9glage du ressort s'oppose \u00e0 la pression de pilotage pour permettre un r\u00e9glage continu du d\u00e9bit. Lorsque la pression en aval atteint la valeur de consigne du compensateur, le d\u00e9bit correspond exactement \u00e0 la demande.<\/p>\n
Symbole de la pompe \u00e0 d\u00e9tection de charge<\/h2>\n Le symbole de la pompe \u00e0 d\u00e9tection de charge comprend plusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments num\u00e9rot\u00e9s de (a) \u00e0 (j). Il s'agit du symbole de pompe le plus d\u00e9taill\u00e9 que l'on puisse trouver dans les sch\u00e9mas hydrauliques.<\/p>\n
\n
\n
Composant (a) \u2013 Corps de pompe<\/h4>\n Circuit de la pompe principale avec fl\u00e8che diagonale variable. Reli\u00e9 aux pistons de pr\u00e9charge et de commande.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Composant (b) \u2013 Piston de polarisation<\/h4>\n Lorsque cela est possible, les forces actionnent la pompe jusqu'\u00e0 son d\u00e9placement maximal. Le ressort pousse le piston vers l'avant.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Composant (c) \u2013 Piston de commande<\/h4>\n Al\u00e9sage plus grand que celui du piston \u00e0 pr\u00e9contrainte. Permet de contr\u00f4ler la cylindr\u00e9e maximale gr\u00e2ce au r\u00e9glage de la course.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Composant (d) \u2013 Compensateur de pression<\/h4>\n Piston de commande de la soupape de d\u00e9charge. Il se d\u00e9place lorsque l'\u00e9nergie de pilotage est appliqu\u00e9e afin de r\u00e9duire la cylindr\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Composant (g) \u2013 Compensateur de d\u00e9tection de charge<\/h4>\n Re\u00e7oit le signal de commande provenant de la sortie de la pompe et de la conduite de travail, en aval du d\u00e9tal\u00e9. Fonctionne \u00e0 une pression inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle indiqu\u00e9e en (d).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Composant (j) \u2013 Orifice de dosage<\/h4>\n R\u00e9gulation du d\u00e9bit variable dans la conduite de pression du syst\u00e8me. G\u00e9n\u00e8re une contre-pression lorsque le d\u00e9bit diminue.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Modes de fonctionnement<\/h2>\nMode veille<\/h3>\n Lorsque la pompe d\u00e9marre alors que toutes les vannes directionnelles en aval sont ferm\u00e9es :<\/p>\n
\nLe ressort situ\u00e9 \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur du piston \u00e0 biais (b) actionne la pompe \u00e0 fond pour atteindre son d\u00e9bit maximal<\/li>\n La pression augmente dans les conduites de travail et les conduites pilotes \u00e0 mesure que le fluide remplit le circuit de tuyauterie<\/li>\n La pression au niveau du compensateur (d) provoque le d\u00e9placement de celui-ci vers la droite<\/li>\n L'\u00e9nergie pilote arrive par la conduite (i) et alimente le piston de r\u00e9gulation (c)<\/li>\n Le piston de commande (\u00e0 al\u00e9sage plus grand) l'emporte sur le piston de pr\u00e9contrainte<\/li>\n Le d\u00e9bit de la pompe est r\u00e9duit au minimum \u2014 seul le d\u00e9bit n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 la compensation des fuites est maintenu<\/li>\n La pompe est en veille<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\nMode actif<\/h3>\n Lorsqu'une vanne directionnelle en aval s'ouvre :<\/p>\n
\nLe parcours d'\u00e9coulement entra\u00eene une chute de pression en aval du compensateur (d)<\/li>\n Le compensateur de pression (d) c\u00e8de sous la pression du ressort et revient d'un coup en position neutre<\/li>\n Conduites de vidange raccord\u00e9es au r\u00e9servoir<\/li>\n Les orifices (e) et (f) amortissent le mouvement du compensateur, emp\u00eachant ainsi toute oscillation<\/li>\n \u00c9quilibre du d\u00e9bit de la pompe entre les pistons de pr\u00e9charge et de commande<\/li>\n Le d\u00e9bit correspond \u00e0 la demande en aval exactement au niveau du r\u00e9glage du compensateur de pression<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nFonctionnement du compensateur \u00e0 d\u00e9tection de charge<\/h3>\n Le compensateur de charge (g) re\u00e7oit des signaux pilotes provenant de deux sources :<\/p>\n
\nPression de sortie de la pompe<\/li>\n Conduite de service en aval de l'orifice de dosage (j)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nIl compare l'effet combin\u00e9 de la valeur de ressort et du signal pilote de d\u00e9tection de charge. Le r\u00e9glage de pression de (g) est inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui de (d), ce qui entra\u00eene g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une chute de pression de 300 psi au niveau de la vanne (j).<\/p>\n
Exemple :<\/strong> Si la pression de charge est de 1 000 psi, la pompe maintient la pression \u00e0 1 300 psi (1 000 psi de charge + 300 psi au niveau de la vanne de dosage).<\/p>\nComparaison des symboles de pompe<\/h2>\n \n\n\n\u00c9l\u00e9ment de symbole<\/th>\n D\u00e9placement fixe<\/th>\n D\u00e9bit variable<\/th>\n \u00c0 compensation de pression<\/th>\n D\u00e9tection de la charge<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n\nCercle avec triangle<\/strong><\/td>\nOui<\/td>\n Oui<\/td>\n Oui<\/td>\n Oui<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nFl\u00e8che variable<\/strong><\/td>\nNon<\/td>\n Oui (en diagonale)<\/td>\n Oui (en diagonale)<\/td>\n Oui (en diagonale)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nSymbole du compensateur de pression<\/strong><\/td>\nNon<\/td>\n Non<\/td>\n Oui (c\u00f4t\u00e9 gauche)<\/td>\n Oui<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nCompensateur de d\u00e9tection de charge<\/strong><\/td>\nNon<\/td>\n Non<\/td>\n Non<\/td>\n Oui<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nPistons de pr\u00e9charge\/de contr\u00f4le<\/strong><\/td>\nNon<\/td>\n Non<\/td>\n Non<\/td>\n Oui<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nLignes pilotes<\/strong><\/td>\nNon<\/td>\n Non<\/td>\n Oui (en pointill\u00e9s)<\/td>\n Oui (en pointill\u00e9s)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nQuestions fr\u00e9quemment pos\u00e9es<\/h2>\n\n
Q1 : Pourquoi les pompes \u00e0 engrenages, les pompes \u00e0 palettes et les pompes \u00e0 pistons utilisent-elles toutes le m\u00eame symbole sch\u00e9matique ?<\/div>\n
Conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la norme ISO 1219, les symboles sch\u00e9matiques repr\u00e9sentent la fonction et non la structure physique. Toutes les pompes \u00e0 cylindr\u00e9e fixe produisent le m\u00eame d\u00e9bit unidirectionnel, quel que soit leur m\u00e9canisme interne. Le symbole indique ce que fait le composant, et non comment il le fait d'un point de vue m\u00e9canique.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Q2 : Que signifie la fl\u00e8che variable qui traverse le symbole de la pompe ?<\/div>\n
La fl\u00e8che variable indique que la pompe dispose d'un d\u00e9bit r\u00e9glable. Associ\u00e9e \u00e0 d'autres symboles (compensateur de pression, compensateur de charge), elle montre comment le d\u00e9bit varie automatiquement en fonction des besoins du syst\u00e8me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Q3 : Comment une pompe \u00e0 compensation de pression permet-elle de maintenir une pression constante ?<\/div>\n
Le r\u00e9glage du ressort du compensateur de pression s'oppose \u00e0 la pression pilote du syst\u00e8me. Lorsque la pression en aval atteint la valeur de r\u00e9glage du compensateur, celui-ci s'actionne pour r\u00e9duire le d\u00e9bit de la pompe. Cela permet de maintenir la pression du syst\u00e8me \u00e0 la valeur d\u00e9finie tout en r\u00e9duisant le d\u00e9bit afin qu'il ne couvre que les besoins li\u00e9s aux fuites.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Q4 : \u00c0 quoi sert le compensateur de charge ?<\/div>\n
Le compensateur de charge optimise le d\u00e9bit de la pompe lorsque plusieurs actionneurs sont sollicit\u00e9s. Il mesure la chute de pression au niveau d'un orifice de dosage et ajuste le d\u00e9bit de la pompe afin de fournir exactement la pression requise (pression de service plus un l\u00e9ger diff\u00e9rentiel pour le d\u00e9bit). Cela permet d'\u00e9viter tout d\u00e9bit excessif et de r\u00e9duire la consommation d'\u00e9nergie.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Q5 : Pourquoi la pompe \u00e0 d\u00e9tection de charge comporte-t-elle deux compensateurs ?<\/div>\n
Le compensateur de pression (d) d\u00e9finit la pression maximale du circuit. Le compensateur de charge (g) fonctionne \u00e0 un niveau de pression inf\u00e9rieur afin de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer un d\u00e9bit \u00e0 travers le r\u00e9gulateur de d\u00e9bit tout en maintenant la pression du circuit de travail. Ensemble, ils assurent une r\u00e9gulation hydraulique efficace de l'offre et de la demande.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Conclusion<\/h2>\n La symbolique des pompes hydrauliques est conforme \u00e0 la norme ISO 1219, selon laquelle les symboles repr\u00e9sentent une fonction et non la construction physique. Le symbole de base de la pompe, constitu\u00e9 d'un triangle plein, d\u00e9signe une pompe hydraulique unidirectionnelle. Les pompes \u00e0 cylindr\u00e9e variable sont compl\u00e9t\u00e9es par une fl\u00e8che diagonale. La compensation de pression est indiqu\u00e9e par le symbole du compensateur situ\u00e9 \u00e0 gauche. Les pompes \u00e0 d\u00e9tection de charge sont compl\u00e9t\u00e9es par le compensateur secondaire et les composants de dosage.<\/p>\n
La compr\u00e9hension du fonctionnement d'une pompe \u00e0 d\u00e9tection de charge met en \u00e9vidence l'\u00e9l\u00e9gance de la conception hydraulique : l'utilisation de colonnes de pression de fluide pour cr\u00e9er un \u00e9quilibre efficace entre l'offre et la demande. La pompe fournit exactement le d\u00e9bit et la pression dont chaque actionneur en aval a besoin, ni plus ni moins.<\/p>\n
<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Base Pump Symbol The base hydraulic pump symbol consists of: Circle: Standard component boundary Solid triangle: Indicates hydraulic (filled) versus […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4741,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4739","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\n
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