La flecha diagonal que divide la bomba en dos partes indica que el caudal es regulable en funci\u00f3n de las necesidades del sistema.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Compensador de presi\u00f3n<\/h4>\n Situado en el lado izquierdo. Incluye un rect\u00e1ngulo con un resorte, una flecha de variabilidad y un controlador triangular.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Funcionamiento del compensador de presi\u00f3n<\/h3>\n La l\u00ednea de control discontinua de color naranja\/rojo que sale de la salida de la bomba suministra energ\u00eda de control. El ajuste del resorte contrarresta la presi\u00f3n de control para regular el caudal de forma continua. Cuando la presi\u00f3n aguas abajo es igual al ajuste del compensador, el caudal se adapta exactamente a la demanda.<\/p>\n
S\u00edmbolo de la bomba con detecci\u00f3n de carga<\/h2>\n El s\u00edmbolo de la bomba con sensor de carga contiene varios componentes etiquetados de la (a) a la (j). Se trata del s\u00edmbolo de bomba m\u00e1s detallado que aparece en los esquemas hidr\u00e1ulicos.<\/p>\n
\n
\n
Componente (a) \u2013 Cuerpo de la bomba<\/h4>\n C\u00edrculo de la bomba principal con una flecha diagonal variable. Conectado a los pistones de presi\u00f3n y control.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Componente (b) \u2013 Pist\u00f3n de polarizaci\u00f3n<\/h4>\n Las fuerzas impulsan la bomba hasta su cilindrada m\u00e1xima siempre que sea posible. El resorte empuja el pist\u00f3n hacia delante.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Componente (c) \u2013 Pist\u00f3n de control<\/h4>\n Di\u00e1metro interior mayor que el del pist\u00f3n sesgado. Controla el desplazamiento m\u00e1ximo mediante el ajuste de la carrera.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Componente (d) \u2013 Compensador de presi\u00f3n<\/h4>\n Pist\u00f3n de control de la v\u00e1lvula de alivio. Se desplaza cuando entra la energ\u00eda del piloto para reducir el desplazamiento.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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Componente (g) \u2013 Compensador de detecci\u00f3n de carga<\/h4>\n Recibe la se\u00f1al de control de la salida de la bomba y de la l\u00ednea de trabajo tras el orificio dosificador. Funciona a una presi\u00f3n inferior a la indicada en (d).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Componente (j) \u2013 Orificio de medici\u00f3n<\/h4>\n Control de caudal variable en la l\u00ednea de presi\u00f3n del sistema. Genera contrapresi\u00f3n cuando se reduce el caudal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Modos de funcionamiento<\/h2>\nModo de espera<\/h3>\n Cuando la bomba arranca con todas las v\u00e1lvulas direccionales situadas aguas abajo cerradas:<\/p>\n
\nEl resorte del pist\u00f3n de sesgo interior (b) acciona la bomba hasta su carrera m\u00e1xima, alcanzando el desplazamiento m\u00e1ximo<\/li>\n La presi\u00f3n aumenta en las l\u00edneas de trabajo y de prueba a medida que el fluido llena las tuber\u00edas<\/li>\n La presi\u00f3n en el compensador (d) hace que este se desplace hacia la derecha<\/li>\n La energ\u00eda de pilotaje entra por la l\u00ednea (i) y llena el pist\u00f3n de control (c)<\/li>\n El pist\u00f3n de control (de mayor di\u00e1metro) sale victorioso frente al pist\u00f3n de sesgo<\/li>\n El caudal de la bomba se reduce al m\u00ednimo: solo se mantiene el caudal necesario para compensar las fugas<\/li>\n La bomba est\u00e1 en modo de espera<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\nModo activo<\/h3>\n Cuando se abre una v\u00e1lvula direccional aguas abajo:<\/p>\n
\nEl recorrido del flujo provoca una ca\u00edda de presi\u00f3n por debajo del ajuste del compensador (d)<\/li>\n El compensador de presi\u00f3n (d) cede ante la presi\u00f3n del resorte y vuelve a su posici\u00f3n neutra<\/li>\n Tuber\u00edas de desag\u00fce conectadas al dep\u00f3sito<\/li>\n Los orificios (e) y (f) amortiguan el movimiento del compensador, evitando as\u00ed las oscilaciones<\/li>\n El caudal de la bomba se equilibra entre los pistones de polarizaci\u00f3n y de control<\/li>\n El caudal se adapta a la demanda aguas abajo exactamente al valor de ajuste del compensador de presi\u00f3n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nFuncionamiento del compensador de carga<\/h3>\n El compensador de detecci\u00f3n de carga (g) recibe se\u00f1ales de pilotaje de dos fuentes:<\/p>\n
\nPresi\u00f3n de salida de la bomba<\/li>\n Tubo de trabajo situado despu\u00e9s del orificio de dosificaci\u00f3n (j)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nCompara el efecto combinado del valor de resorte y la se\u00f1al piloto de detecci\u00f3n de carga. El ajuste de presi\u00f3n de (g) es inferior al de (d), lo que suele provocar una ca\u00edda de presi\u00f3n de 300 psi a trav\u00e9s de la v\u00e1lvula (j).<\/p>\n
Ejemplo:<\/strong> Si la presi\u00f3n de carga es de 1.000 psi, la bomba mantiene la presi\u00f3n en 1.300 psi (1.000 psi de carga + 300 psi a trav\u00e9s de la v\u00e1lvula dosificadora).<\/p>\nComparaci\u00f3n de s\u00edmbolos de bombas<\/h2>\n \n\n\nElemento de s\u00edmbolo<\/th>\n Cilindrada fija<\/th>\n Cilindrada variable<\/th>\n Con compensaci\u00f3n de presi\u00f3n<\/th>\n Detecci\u00f3n de carga<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n\nC\u00edrculo con tri\u00e1ngulo<\/strong><\/td>\nS\u00ed<\/td>\n S\u00ed<\/td>\n S\u00ed<\/td>\n S\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nFlecha variable<\/strong><\/td>\nNo<\/td>\n S\u00ed (en diagonal)<\/td>\n S\u00ed (en diagonal)<\/td>\n S\u00ed (en diagonal)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nS\u00edmbolo del compensador de presi\u00f3n<\/strong><\/td>\nNo<\/td>\n No<\/td>\n S\u00ed (lado izquierdo)<\/td>\n S\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nCompensador de detecci\u00f3n de carga<\/strong><\/td>\nNo<\/td>\n No<\/td>\n No<\/td>\n S\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nPistones de polarizaci\u00f3n\/control<\/strong><\/td>\nNo<\/td>\n No<\/td>\n No<\/td>\n S\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nL\u00edneas piloto<\/strong><\/td>\nNo<\/td>\n No<\/td>\n S\u00ed (discontinuo)<\/td>\n S\u00ed (discontinuo)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\nPreguntas frecuentes<\/h2>\n\n
P1: \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 las bombas de engranajes, las bombas de paletas y las bombas de pistones utilizan todas el mismo s\u00edmbolo esquem\u00e1tico?<\/div>\n
Seg\u00fan la norma ISO 1219, los s\u00edmbolos esquem\u00e1ticos representan la funci\u00f3n, no la estructura f\u00edsica. Todas las bombas de desplazamiento fijo producen el mismo caudal unidireccional, independientemente de su mecanismo interno. El s\u00edmbolo muestra lo que hace el componente, no c\u00f3mo lo hace mec\u00e1nicamente.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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P2: \u00bfQu\u00e9 indica la flecha variable que aparece junto al s\u00edmbolo de la bomba?<\/div>\n
La flecha variable indica que la bomba tiene un caudal variable. En combinaci\u00f3n con otros s\u00edmbolos (compensador de presi\u00f3n, compensador de detecci\u00f3n de carga), muestra c\u00f3mo var\u00eda el caudal autom\u00e1ticamente en funci\u00f3n de las necesidades del sistema.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Pregunta 3: \u00bfC\u00f3mo mantiene una bomba con compensaci\u00f3n de presi\u00f3n una presi\u00f3n constante?<\/div>\n
El ajuste del resorte del compensador de presi\u00f3n contrarresta la presi\u00f3n piloto del sistema. Cuando la presi\u00f3n aguas abajo alcanza el valor de ajuste del compensador, este se activa para reducir el caudal de la bomba. De este modo, se mantiene la presi\u00f3n del sistema en el valor establecido, al tiempo que se reduce el caudal para que se ajuste \u00fanicamente a las necesidades de fuga.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Pregunta 4: \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la funci\u00f3n del compensador de detecci\u00f3n de carga?<\/div>\n
El compensador de detecci\u00f3n de carga optimiza el caudal de la bomba para m\u00faltiples actuadores. Mide la ca\u00edda de presi\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s de un orificio de dosificaci\u00f3n y ajusta el caudal de la bomba para proporcionar exactamente la presi\u00f3n necesaria (presi\u00f3n de trabajo m\u00e1s un peque\u00f1o diferencial para el caudal). Esto evita un caudal excesivo y reduce el consumo de energ\u00eda.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
P5: \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 la bomba con sensor de carga tiene dos compensadores?<\/div>\n
El compensador de presi\u00f3n (d) establece la presi\u00f3n m\u00e1xima del sistema. El compensador de detecci\u00f3n de carga (g) funciona a un nivel de presi\u00f3n m\u00e1s bajo para generar caudal a trav\u00e9s de la v\u00e1lvula dosificadora, al tiempo que mantiene la presi\u00f3n del circuito de trabajo. Juntos proporcionan un control hidr\u00e1ulico eficiente de la oferta y la demanda.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Conclusi\u00f3n<\/h2>\n La simbolog\u00eda de las bombas hidr\u00e1ulicas se ajusta a la norma ISO 1219, seg\u00fan la cual los s\u00edmbolos representan la funci\u00f3n, no la construcci\u00f3n f\u00edsica. El s\u00edmbolo b\u00e1sico de la bomba, con un tri\u00e1ngulo relleno, indica una bomba hidr\u00e1ulica unidireccional. Las bombas de caudal variable a\u00f1aden una flecha diagonal. La compensaci\u00f3n de presi\u00f3n a\u00f1ade el s\u00edmbolo del compensador en el lado izquierdo. Las bombas con detecci\u00f3n de carga a\u00f1aden el compensador secundario y los componentes de dosificaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n
Comprender el funcionamiento de una bomba con sensor de carga permite apreciar la elegancia del dise\u00f1o hidr\u00e1ulico: el uso de columnas de presi\u00f3n de fluido para crear un sistema eficiente de oferta y demanda. La bomba suministra exactamente el caudal y la presi\u00f3n que necesita cada actuador situado aguas abajo, ni m\u00e1s ni menos.<\/p>\n
<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Base Pump Symbol The base hydraulic pump symbol consists of: Circle: Standard component boundary Solid triangle: Indicates hydraulic (filled) versus […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4741,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4739","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\n
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